The study of the properties of probiotic microorganisms is currently a relevant area in microbiology, biotechnology and medicine, which expands our knowledge of the evolution of their relationship with the human body and its microbiome, and also opens up new prospects for the practical use of active probiotic strains to maintain health and prevent and treat various pathological conditions. The review provides data on the known biological effects of probiotics, characterized mechanisms of the body's relationship with probiotic microorganisms, and highlighted their role in improving immunological status. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of practical use of probiotic microorganisms, particularly strains of the genus Bacillus, for the treatment of infectious diseases. The results of studies confirming the effectiveness of probiotic strains against pathogenic microorganisms are presented.
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